Law,+Empire,+Government,+and+Society

**MESOPOTAMIA**
The Geographic/political unit of organization in Sumer is was the city-state. A city-state is a self-governing city that allows governs nearby villages. The king was the ruler of Sumer’s government. The kind ruled the city-state from his kingdom, he operated the army and courts, and he planned cannels and other projects.
 * 1)** **__Government__ -**

**__Empire –__** Sargon a king of a city state called Kish created the first empire in history in 2300 B.C. An empire is a group of lands and people ruled by one government. This empire was over 900 miles long and about the same distance from Los Angeles, California to Portland, Oregon.

**2)** **__Empire-__** The name of the powerful king was Hammurabi. Hammurabi gained control of Mesopotamia by 1750 B.C. Five city-states under Babylonia control are Nineveh, Nimrud, Ur, Asher, and Babylon.

**3)** **__Government-__** Four of the jobs of Hammurabi are that he acted as a Judge by using traditional Sumerian laws to make his legal decisions. He ruled Babylon. He ordered repair of canals.

**__Law-__** The Hammurabi’s Code (of laws) was carved in cuneiform. A code of law is a written collection of the laws that apply to the people ruled by one government. The relationship between a crime and a punishment is like a cause/ effect. When you do something you’re not supposed to, a crime, you will get a punishment for your actions. The Assyrian Empire conquered the Babylonians, and by 600 B.C. the Assyrian empire stretched from Egypt to the Persian Gulf and North into the area that is modern Turkey.

**__Empire-__** Two warfare inventions of the Assyrians are battering rams and towers on wheels to destroy the walls of enemy cities. They also invented horses- drawn chariots for war. = = **ANCIENT GREECE** __Government__

*The type of government that the Athens first had was that most of Athens early leaders belonged to the rich and powerful families. The poor Athenians then began to demand a voice in their government, then finally the Athenian oligarchy was forced to share its power. The Athenian oligarchy was a small group of the richest and most powerful citizens that controlled the decision making.


 * Athens had a democracy. Athens democracy worked by having every citizen be allowed to vote on government issues. There were large meetings to discuss and vote upon important decisions.


 * The word democracy means "Ruled by the people."


 * A citizen is a person who has rights and responsibilities in his or hers country or community. The role that the citizens played in Athen were that they were only allowed to be men and they have rights.


 * The roles that the women played in Athens democracy were that they weren't allowed to vote. Women also had only few rights in total.


 * The difference between a monarchy and a oligarchy and a democracy were that a monarchy was a type of government varied from city to city. Some of the city states had a single ruler. Then a oligarchy was a small group of the richest and most powerful citizens that controlled the decision making. In monarchy it was ruled by one person but in the oligarchy the decisions and the city states were ruled by a whole group. Then in a democracy every citizen is allowed to vote on the government issues so instead of just one person or one group everyone has a say in the government.


 * The Athens assembly was an assembly of citizens that would vote on issues that concerned their city. The Athens Assembly was the role of the stateing the issues/conflicts in the city-state that needs to be resolved, and that is a part of democracy.


 * Pericles ensured that all the citizens no matter how poor or rich can serve in the assembly or in the jury's by arranging for those who held office or serve on the jury to be paid. That allowed poor citizens to take part in their government.

__Socitiy__ The jobs that were required were farmers who worked on farms and raised animals and planted crops. Sailors who sailed and traveled around the Mediterranean sea to trade for grain. Then most of the Sparta's farm workers were helots. Helots can't leave the land they worked on and had to pay half of their yearly crops to their Spartan conquerors as taxes. They were a little better off than slaves. Then there are potters who make pottery and then there were stoneworkers who cut stones.

L.E.G.S. Ancient Greece-Society

**HANNAH AND KIM***read __Our World__ pages 185, 186, 187, 189, 190 ("Exploring Economics"), 199, and the pictures on 200 and 201. As you read these pages, ask yourself, "What jobs were required here?" For example, on page 185, we read about farming and fishingand shipping. If there is farming, who does the farmers? If there is fishing, who does it? If there is shipping, who builds the ships? MAKE A LIST OF ALL THE JOBS YOU CAN FIND ON THE ABOVE PAGES. Make sure you record any city-state specifics, such as job lists for Athens versus job lists for Minoa or Mycenae.

The jobs required in ancient Greece were

A slave is a person who bound in servitude as the prop. of a person. Slaves could not be a citizen. A citizen is a person who had rights and responsibilities in his/her country/community. Women only had few rights. Men had a lot of rights. Also, men can only be citizens women could not. A citizen is a person who had rights and responsibilities in his/her country/community.
 * HANNAH ** *Read page 191 in __Our World__, describe the role of slaves. Also, compare the role of women versus that of men in Athens.

For girls? For men? For boys?
 * HANNAH ** *Read page 192 in Our World about Sparta. Summarize the role of slaves in Spartan society. What were the expectations for women?

Did all Athenian boys attend school?
 * KIM ** *Read page 193 in __Our World__. What were the expectations for Athenian girls? Athenian boys? What were some typical Athenian jobs?
 * The expectations of the Athenian girls were that they did not do sports; they would stay home where they performed household tasks and learned to weave cloth from sheep’s wool. Then the expectations of the Athenian boys were that they would work with their fathers as farmers, potters, or stoneworkers. Then the wealthy parents sent their sons to school to learn how to read and write. Some typical Athenian jobs were farmers, potters, or stoneworkers. Not all the Athenian boys went to school only the boys who had wealthy parents.